ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Patients with idiopathic scoliosis are exposed to approximately 25 radiographic examinations of their spine throughout the clinical follow-up using the Cobb angle. Several non-invasive and radiation-free methods have been proposed to measure scoliotic deformities, including the scoliometer. OBJECTIVES: To measure the intra- and interrater reliability of the scoliometer measurements, to assess the correlation of the values obtained by the scoliometer measurements with the Cobb angles obtained by radiography, and to assess the sensitivity and specificity of the scoliometer measurements for the different diagnostic criteria for the referral of idiopathic scoliosis. METHOD: Sixty-four patients were selected for the study: half with idiopathic scoliosis and half without. The 17 levels of the spine of each volunteer were measured with a scoliometer in the forward bending position. The measurements were performed three times on 42 volunteers by two different raters to obtain data for calculating the reliability values. Anteroposterior radiographs were taken to determine the Cobb angles, which were then compared with the highest trunk rotation value. Sensitivity and specificity were evaluated using radiograph criteria for referral: a Cobb angle of 10º and axial trunk rotation values between 5º and 10º. RESULTS: Excellent intrarater reliability values and very good interrater reliability values were obtained. The correlation between the scoliometer measurements and radiograph analyses was considered good (r=0.7, p<0.05). The highest sensitivity value was for a trunk rotation of 5º at 87%. CONCLUSIONS: The scoliometer measurements showed a good correlation with the radiographic measurements. .
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Female , Humans , Male , Young Adult , Physical Examination , Scoliosis/pathology , Body Weights and Measures , Observer Variation , Physical Examination/instrumentation , Physical Examination/statistics & numerical dataABSTRACT
CONTEXTUALIZAÇÃO: O escoliômetro foi desenvolvido para medir a rotação axial do tronco de portadores de escoliose idiopática. No entanto, a confiabilidade das medidas obtidas por esse dispositivo é controversa. OBJETIVOS: Testar a confiabilidade interavaliadores e intra-avaliador do escoliômetro em pacientes com escoliose. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados 24 voluntários de ambos os sexos com escoliose idiopática (18±4 anos), com curvaturas médias de 24,8±12,7º Cobb. As medidas foram realizadas em um só dia e por dois examinadores treinados, com os níveis vertebrais demarcados por um só examinador. Os avaliadores registraram uma medida para cada vértebra dos níveis torácico e lombar em cada avaliação. Na análise dos dados, as medidas foram separadas em níveis vertebrais: torácico alto, torácico médio, torácico baixo e lombar. O ICC (1,1) foi o teste estatístico utilizado para determinar a confiabilidade intra-avaliador e o ICC (3,1), para a confiabilidade interavaliador. RESULTADOS: A confiabilidade intraexaminador das medidas dos segmentos torácicos médio e baixo e lombar foi considerada de muito boa a excelente. A confiabilidade interexaminadores das medidas de rotação axial do tronco foi considerada boa para o segmento torácico alto e excelente para os segmentos torácicos médio e baixo e lombar. CONCLUSÕES: O escoliômetro é um instrumento que possui valores de confiabilidade de muito bons a excelentes para as medidas repetidas de um mesmo examinador. A confiabilidade interavaliadores nos segmentos torácicos médio e baixo e lombar em indivíduos com escoliose idiopática é relativamente menor que a medida intra-examinador, mesmo que sejam eliminados os erros de palpação e marcação do local de posicionamento do instrumento.
BACKGROUND: The scoliometer was developed to analyze the axial rotation of the trunk in patients with idiopathic scoliosis. However, there is controversy regarding the reliability of the measures obtained with this device. OBJECTIVES: To test the intra-rater and inter-rater reliability of the scoliometer in patients with scoliosis. METHODS: 24 volunteers of both sex with idiopathic scoliosis diagnostic (18±4 years-old) and curvatures with mean and standard deviation of 24.8±12.7º Cobb. The measurement procedure was accomplished in one day by two trained examiners. The palpation and determination of each spinal level was accomplished by just one examiner. Each examiner obtained one measure with the device for each vertebra from the thoracic and lumbar levels in each evaluation. For statistical analysis the measurements were divided by spinal levels into upper thorax, medium thorax, lower thorax and lumbar segments. The Intraclass Correlation Coefficient type 1,1 (ICC1,1) was used to determine the intra-rater reliability while the ICC3,1 was used to determine the inter-rater reliability. RESULTS: The observed intra-rater reliability values for the medium and lower thorax and lumbar segments of the subjects ranged from very good to excellent. The inter-rater reliability of the measures of axial trunk rotations was considered good to the upper thorax and excellent for the medium and lower thorax and lumbar spine. CONCLUSIONS: The scoliometer is a device that has intra-rater reliability estimates ranging from very good to excellent. The inter-rater reliability for the upper and low thorax and for the lumbar spine is relatively lower than the intra-rater values for the same spinal segments, even when the errors from palpation and positioning of the instrument were eliminated.